Kulemihlobo yezinanakazane emihlanu ezibangela uqhuqho ebantwini. Kule Plasmodium ( loba u-P ngamafitshane). Emibili yaleyimihlobo ilobungozi empilweni zabantu iP falciparum leP vivax. I-P vivax ilobungozi empilweni zabantu ikanti i-P falciparum iyisinanakazane esibulalayo kakhulu njalo sande ukuba seAfrica. Kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba, i-P vivax yiyo eyande ukubangela ukufa. 

Inombolo ezivela eWHO zitshengisa ukuthi i-P falciparum ilobungozi kangakanani eAfrica. E Africa yikho okutholakala khona 95% yabantu ababulawa ngumkhuhlane woqhuqho kanye 95% yalabo ababulawa luqhuqho emhlabeni wonke jikelele. Abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu bamela i80% yokufa okubangelwa luqhuqho eAfrica.

Iminyane okuthwiwa yi"anopheles" ingumhlobo weminyane. Zilokubizwa kuthiwa yiminyane zoqhuqho eAFrica (nail and marsh mosquitoes). Yiwo wodwa umhlobo weminyane othwala izinanakazane ezibangela uqhuqho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthii izinanakazane zoqhuqho zihlala emizimbeni yezinyamazane ezimunyisayo (kugoqela labantu), inyoni kanye lenyamazana ezihamba ngesisu. Lowumhlobo weminyane ukhetha ukudla igazi labantu kulolwezinye inyamazana. Ensikazi yiyo edla igazi ikanti enduna ayidli igazi. I-anopheles ilomzimba omude, ocakileyo lengxenye zomlomo kanye lenyawo ezibonakala zibuthakathaka. Ilula ukubonakala ngendlela ema ngayo ngoba zima ngenye yomlomo, ikhanda lomzimba kuyabe kuqondile nxa zimile. Inengi laleyiminyane ibonakala sokuhlwile, emadabukakusa loba ebusuku. Ngemva kokudla, ezinye zikhetha ukulala ezindlini ikanti ezinye ziya ngaphandle. 

I-anopheles yande ukubekela amaqanda emanzini. Inzalo iyanda ngesikhathi sezulu nxa amanzi esima emachibini, emaxhaphozini, ematankeni amanzi, ezigubhini ezenziwa ngabantu, phakathi kwamaphayiphi ahamba amanzi lakwezinye indawo ezigcina amanzi. Umhlobo omdala waleziminyane wenelisa ukuhlala endaweni ezomileyo njalo ziyahamba endaweni ezikhatshana lamanzi. Lokhu kutsho ukuthi zingaba yingozi nxa kungela zulu loba endaweni engelamanzi eduze.

Kuyasetshenziswa imithi ehlukeneyo ukwelapha imihlobo ehlukeneyo yoqhuqho. Abantu abakhangela ngezempilakahle bakhetha umuthi kusiya ngohlobo loqhuqho umuntu alao, ukuthi isinanakzane soqhuqho aselapheki ngomuthi, ngomzimba womuntu, ngeminyaka yomuntu, ngesimo sempilakahle knaye lokuthi umuntu engabe ezithwele yini.

 Amaphilisi okuthiwa yi Atemisini ayelapha uqhuqho okuthiwa yiP-falciparum. I-Cloroquine ngeyokwelapha uqhuqho lwe P-vivax kodwa endaweni lapho isinanakazane esingalwisani lamaphilisi.

Kunxa iqembu elithile labantu elisengozini yokugula kakhulu loba yokufa ngenxa yoqhuqho linganikwa umuthi woqhuqho ukuze bavikeleke. I-WHO ikhuthaza indlela ezilandelayo emazweni loba endaweni ezilobungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo soqhuqho: 

• Umuthi wokuvikela uqhuqho nxa umuntu ezithwele : Abesifazane labanye abazithweleyo bayanikwa amaphilisi oqhuqho nxa bezithwele ukwenzela ukuthi umntwana osesiswini kanye laye bavikeleke. 

• I-Perenial malaria chemoprevention: Amaphilisi woqhoqhu apheleleyo anikwa usana labantwana abancane ( abangaphansi kweminyaka emibili). 

• I-Seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Ngamaphilisi anathwa okwenyanga anikwa abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ngoba yibo abande ukuhlaselwa luqhuqho. 

• I-Post discharge malaria chemoprention: Abantwana banikwa amaphilisi loba umuthi woqhuqho ngemva kokuya esibhedlela ngenxa ye anaemia (uphawu loqhuqho oluyingozi). Ukwelatshwa kwabantwana abaya esikolo: Lokhu ngokwabantwana asebehamba esikolo abasezindaweni ezande ukuhlaselwa luqhuqho umnyaka wonke loba ngezigaba. 

• Umuthi onikwa abantu abanengi: Amaphilisi oqhuqho anikwa wonke umuntu ohlala endaweni ethile eyande ukuhlaselwa luqhuqho kungelani leminyaka yabo. 

Abantu abanatha amaphilisi avikela uqhuqho(preventative chemotherapy) bayanikwa uhlobo lomuthi loba imithi ehlanganisiweyo njalo bayanikwa isikhathi esithile sokuthi bawanathe. Abantu kumele bawaqede lawomaphilisi ukuze bavikeleke. Kumele banathe amaphilisi abo loba bengalunywanga kumbe bengelampawu zoqhuqho. Akulamaphilisi loba umuthi woqhuqho owelapha ngokupheleleyo. Nxa abantu benganatha umuthi njalo bazivikele ekulunyweni yiminyane ngokufafaza umuthi wokuxotsha iminyane lokusebenzisa amanethi , kubanzima ukuthi babeloqhuqho. 

Nxa impawu zingekho zinengi, uyamxwayisa ukuthi aye emthiolampilo oseduze ukuze ayehlolwa. Ukuhlolwa masinyane kuyakhuthazwa yiWHO kuwownke umuntu olensolo zoqhuqho benganikwa umuthi. Lokhu kusiza abantu bempilakahle ukuthi bahlole ukuba umuntu otshisa umzimba engabe eloqhuqho lokwenzela ukuthi anikwe umunthi oqondileyo. Nxa umuntu elempawu ezilobungozi, kumele umncedise ahambe esibhedlela esiseduze masinyane.

Ezinye indawo zisebenzisa indlela zokuphungula inyamazana ezibangela uqhuqho (vector control) ukuvikela ukumemetheka kwemikhuhlane. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunika abantu amanethi afakwe umuthi wokubulala izibungu lokufafaza umuthi ezindlini okugoqela imiduli kanye lezinye indawo ezifafazekayo ezindlini kanye lomuthi ohlala isikhathi eside nxa ungafafazwa. 

Emazweni lapho uqhuqho olugulisa abantu kakhulu kanye lokubabulala, basebenzisana ekususeni uqhuqho ngokuphungula inyamazana ezibangela uqhuqho, umuthi ovikela uqhuqho, ukulimukisa abantu, ukuhlolwa lokwelapha. Ukususwa koqhuqho kungavunyelwa nxa ilizwe selileminyaka emithathu elandelanayo lingazange lihlaselwe ngumkhuhlane woqhuqho. Amazwe aseAfrica angasela qhuqho yiAlgeria (ngomnyaka ka2019) leCabo Verde (ngomnyaka ka2024).