Zvinangwa zvepasi rose - panosvika gore ra2025, chikamu che95% chevanhu vane HIV vanofanira kunge vave kuziva pavamire, 95% yevanhu vane HIV vanoziva mamiriro avo vanofanira kunge vari pamushonga uye chikamu che95% chevanhu vane HIV vari pamushonga vanofanira kunge vanhu utachiwana hwakatsimbirirwa.

AIDS chiratidzo nezvirwere zvinoitika kana masoja emuviri wako akuvadzwa zvakanyanya neHIV. 

Antigen chinhu chinokuvadza chinoita kuti immune system idavire (kurwisa chirwere/utachiona). Mavhairasi nemabhakitiriya ese mienzaniso yemaantigen.

Munhu anokwezvwa pabonde nevarume nevakadzi.

Kubata nhengo yako yesikarudzi (sikarudzi yechirume kana yechikadzi) kuti unakirwe pabonde.

HIV inobata masoja edziviriro eCD4 cells (kana T-helper cells) woshandisa masero aya kugadzira mamwe makopi ega. HIV inokuvadza nekuparadza maCD4 cells aya, zvonetesa masoja emumuviri.

Mutezo mukuru mumuviri une mabasa akakosha anosanganisira kuchenesa ropa, kugadzira nekuchengetedza mafuta uye kugadzira muto wekugaya chikafu.

STIs (sexually transmitted infections) zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa nebonde. Zvinosanganisira chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes uye syphilis.

Tuberculosis (TB) chirwere chinowanzobata mapapu asi chinogona kurwisa dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Chinogona kurapwa kana kupedzwa nemishonga.

Chero chirwere chinokanganisa moyo.

Mamiriro ehupenyu hwose apo muviri haugoni kudzora huwandu hweshuga muropa. Chinowanzoitwa kuburikidza nekudya uye maekisesaizi asi mamwe marudzi echirwere cheshuga anoda majekiseni kana mishonga kuti adzorwe.

Chirwere chakanyanya kuipa uye chinogara kwenguva refu. HIV chirwere chisingaperi chinogona kudzikamiswa nemishonga.

Chlamydia chirwere chepabonde chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya. Inopfuudzwa nyore nyore uye haisi ine zviratidzo nguva dzose. Inogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) chinhu chinowanikwa muzvinhu zvinenge zvese zvipenyu, chine mirairo yemajini. HIV inochengeta ruzivo rwayo rwemajini zvakasiyana zvishoma, asi ichiri kushandisa DNA kugadzira makopi ayo.

Dolutegravir (DTG) mushonga mutsva unoshandiswa kurapa HIV. Kuvanhu vazhinji, mumwe yemishonga mitatu yavanorairwa kuti vatore pavanotanga kurapwa kweHIV.

Vhitamini inodiwa nemuviri kugadzira masero matsvuku eropa. Inogona kuwanikwa mumichero nemiriwo. Vamwe vanhu, kusanganisira vakadzi vane pamuviri vangada kunwa ma supplements.

Chirwere chakakomba apo masero emumuviri anowanda nekukasira kupfuura zvakajairika. Inogona kuitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri eg mapapu, zamu, ura, uye dzimwe nguva dzinokonzera rufu.

Gonorrhoea chirwere chepabonde chinokonzerwa neutachiona. Inopfuudzwa nyore nyore uye haisi nguva dzose ine zviratidzo nguva dzose. Inogona kurapwa uye kupedzwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

HIVÂ utachiona hunokuvadza macells ari mu immune system yako. Kana ikasiiwa isina kurapwa HIV inopedzisira yava nezviratidzo uye zvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) izita reboka remavhairasi anogona kutapuriranwa pabonde. Izvo hazvikonzere matambudziko kuvanhu vazhinji asi zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera mawarts pamuviri kana gomarara remuromo wechibereko

Hutachiona hunowanikwa muropa, hurume kana mvura dzemusikarudzi hunogona kukanganisa chiropa. Inogona kutapurirwa kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde pasina kudzivirirwa kana kupanana tsono. Kurapwa kunodiwa kana utachiona hwanyanya.

Hepatitis C utachiona hunowanikwa muropa, hunotapurirwa nekushandisa tsono kana majekiseni, uye kashoma kuburikidza nebonde risina dziviriro. Kana hutachiwana hukave hwakanyanya hunodiwa kurapwa kudzivirira kukuvara kwechiropa.

Herpes chirwere chepabonde chinokonzeresa maronda/mapundu kazhinji pamuromo kana kusikarudzi. Maronda acho anopora nekukasika asi hapana mushonga. Hutachiona uhwu hunoramba huri mumuviri uye zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kuitika.

Munhu anokwezvwa pabonde nevanhu vakasiyana naye. Sokuti mukadzi anokwezvwa nevarume.

Kemikari inowanzoitika mumuviri. Mahomoni ane chekuita nemagadzirirwo anoita muviri wemunhu.

Mamiriro ese epfungwa dzemumwe munhu. Mazwi okuti utano hwepfungwa anogona kushandiswa kutsanangura kuti munhu ari kurwara nepfungwa here kana kuti kwete kana kuti ari kunzwa sei, semuenzaniso kufara kana kusuwa.

An intrauterine device (IUD), kana kuti coil, imhando yekudzivirira pamuviri. Ipurasitiki diki kana simbi inoiswa mudumbu remukadzi kuti arege kubata pamuviri.

Integrase inhibitors imhando yemushonga unorwisa HIV unotorwa kumisa HIV kupinda pakati pesero nekuidzora.

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) inguva apo murume akasarudza kubviswa chikanda chepamberi panhengo yake. VMMC inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mukana wekutora HIV panguva yebonde nemukadzi.

Caesarean (kana caesarean section) kuvhiya panozvarwa mwana nekusimudzwa kubva pakachekwa mudumbu memukadzi.

Kuchengeta kwakasiyana inzira yekutarisira inopiwa nenzira yakapfava inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvevanhu vakasiyana.

Kana mishonga miviri ikanwiwa nemunhu mumwe chete panogona kuita kudyidzana pakati payo izvo zvinogona kuita kuti ishande zvakasiyana kana kuva nemamwe maside effects.

Zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira pamuviri zvinoreva kudzivirira kubata nhumbu, semuenzaniso kondomu kana piritsi

Kubuda kweropa kubva muchibereko chemukadzi. Zvinoitika mwedzi wega wega kuvakadzi vasina pamuviri.

Kuwedzera nhamba yevanhu vanoda kuwana sevhisi, kana kuda kuva nechigadzirwa chakati.

Zvisimbi zvidiki chimwe kana zviviri zvinoiswa pasi peganda paruoko rwemukadzi. Anoburitsa mahormone ekumisa kugadzirwa kwemazai uye kudzivirira kubata pamuviri.

Kana musanganiswa wemishonga usingakwanise kudzora utachiona hweHIV hwemunhu. Kazhinji zvinokwanisika kuwana musanganiswa wakasiyana wemishonga inoshanda. 

Dambudziko rinokanganisa uropi kana musana kana mwana asati anyatsokura mudumbu, eg spina bifida.

Kuongororwa nekurapwa mutemo wekuti vanhu vese vawanikwa vaine HIV vanopihwa kurapwa ipapo ipapo zvisinei nekuti utachiona hwavo hwakura zvakadii kana kuti vane zviratidzo here.

Chiito chekuramba uchitevera kana kutarisa mumwe munhu. Imhosva munyika dzakawanda uye inzira yekushungurudza.

Kana mukadzi ane HIV asununguka, mwana wake anofanira kuongororwa kuti ane HIV here mukati memwedzi miviri yekutanga yehupenyu hwake uyezve pamwedzi gumi nemisere kana kupera kwekuyamwisa (zvingava pava paya). Uku ndiko Kuongororwa Kwevacheche (EID).

Depression chirwere chinokanganisa pfungwa. Kana munhu akaora mwoyo nguva zhinji anonzwa kusuruvara uye kushaya tariro yeramangwana.

Maitirwo ekugadzira chinhu chisiri pamutemo. Hurumende inogona kuita imwe mhando yemaitiro zvisiri pamutemo. Semuyenzaniso mune dzimwe nyika kutengesa bonde kunopesana nemutemo.

Chemotherapy inzira yekurapa chirwere uchishandisa mishonga ine simba remakemikari. Inowanzoshandiswa kurapa gomarara.

Maitirwo ekuti munhu ari kurarama neutachiona hweHIV atsigirwe kuti arambe achiwana kurapwa nekuchengetwa kwaanoda.

Kutevedzera mishonga yemaAntiretroviral kunovandudza hutano asiwo kunoderedza kutapurira utachiona hweHIV. Kurapa senzira yekudzivirira kunoreva kushandiswa kwemishonga yemaAntiretroviral kudzivirira hutachiwana hutsva hweHIV.

ART mushonga weHIV – kazhinji kacho musanganiswa wemishonga mitatu kana kudarika yemaAntiretroviral iyo pamwe chete inoderedza huwandu hweHIV mumuviri wako, zvichiita kuti ugare wakagwinya.

Kubvisa zvachose zviratidzo uye zvinokonzeresa chirwere. Parizvino hapana mushonga weHIV.

Vamwe vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere cherurindi (TB) asi vasina zviratidzo; iyi inonzi latent TB. Vanhu vanorarama neHIV vari panjodzi yeLatent TB yoshanduka kuita TB chaiyo uye vanogona kupihwa mishonga yekudzivirira TB (TPT) kuti izvi zvisaitike.

Kuremara chimiro chepfungwa kana chemuviri chinogona kuita kuti zvimwe zviitwa zviomere munhu kuita. Maonero asina kunaka kune hurema anoita kuti hupenyu huome zvakanyanya kuvanhu vanorarama nehurema.

Dambudziko remuviri, mamiriro kana chirwere icho mwana anozvarwa nacho.

Hypertension chirwere apo munhu ane high blood pressure. Kazhinji kazhinji inogona kudzorwa nokushandura kwezvaunodya kana kuti mararamiro aunoita, kana kuti nemishonga.

Kusafarirwa kana kushorwa kanakusabatwa zvakanaka pane chimwe chinhu. Vanhu vanorarama neHIV vanowanzoitwa chiseko.

Bonde pakati pevanhu vaviri vane mukaha wemakore mashanu kana kudarika inonzi intergenerational sex. Mashoko aya unowanzoshandiswa kurondedzera musikana wechidiki ari kuenda pabonde nemurume mukuru.

Kana munhu ane HIV asingachadaviri kumushonga anenge ava kusanzwira mishonga iwoyo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana vakasatora mishonga yavo nguva nenguva sezvavanorairwa.

Chero chiito chechisimba chinoitirwa munhu nekuda kwekuti munhui. GBV inobva pakusaenzana kwehukama hwemasimba uye kazhinji inobata vasikana nevakadzi.

Kubata mumwe munhu nenzira ine hutsinye kana chisimba, panyama kana pfungwa, semuenzaniso murudo.

Maitiro asingadiwe anotyisidzira, kugumbura kana kutsamwisa mumwe munhu. Kushungurudzwa pabonde kunogona kusanganisira kubatwa muviri kwausingadi kana kusangana pabonde.

Kutora mushonga weHIV sekurairwa kwaunenge waitwa nenyanzvi yezvehutano (kusanganisira nguva yezuva, nguva zhinji, uine kana pasina chikafu). 

Kana munhu ari kurarama neutachiona hweHIV aine nhengo dzemhuri yake dzisina kuongororwa idzi dzinonzi 'index cases'. Index case finding inotsvaga vanhu ava kuti vaongororwe HIV.

Chiyero chinopima huwandu hwemasoja edziviriro emuviri CD4 cells mumuviri. MaCD4 cell anorwiswa neutachiona hweHIV. Kuwanda kunoratidza kuti immune system yakasimba.

Chinhanho chehupenyu apo mwana paanotanga kukura ave munhu mukuru muviri wake uchichinja kuti akwanise kuita vana.

Kunzwa kutya, kunetseka kana kutya. Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa kunoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo zvakanyanya kana kutya. Zvinhu zvaunogona kubatsirwa nazvo nemushandi wezvehutano.

Ongororo yeMukondombera inogona kuitwa nemunhu ari ega kwete kuchipatara. Zvinowanzoda kugezwa mukanwa kana kutorwa ropa kubva papini.

Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anorwisa nekuuraya chero utachiona hunokanganisa kana mavhairasi apinda mumuviri. Iwo chikamu chakakosha chegadziriro yemuviri inodzivirira zvirwere.

Mamiriro asingatarisirwe ekutora mushonga. Semuyenzaniso, mushonga unonwiwa HIV unogona kune vamwe mhedzisiro yekukonzera kunzwa kurwara.

Chirwere chinokonzera manyoka akaregedzeka akaita mvura. Vanhu vane manyoka vanofanira kunwa zvinonwiwa zvakawanda kutsiva zvinenge zvarasika.

Chirwere chakaipa chaunogona kuwana kubva pakurumwa neumhutu. Inogona kukonzera kupisa muviri uye kufa kana ikasarapwa.

Masoja emuviri anotsanangura nhengo dzese dzemuviri, macells nematissue emumuviri anoshanda pamwechete kudzivirira munhu kubva kuhurwere neutachiona.

Chirongwa chekurapa HIV chinodonongodza matanho anotorwa nemunhu mukuchengetwa kwake kubva pakuongororwa kweHIV kwekutanga kusvika pakurapwa kunoshanda.

Kushandiswa kwemakwenzi nezvirimwa kuedza nekudzivirira kana kurapa zvirwere. Mishonga yemakwenzi inouya nenzira dzakasiyana semapiritsi, zvinwiwa kana zvizorwa. Hazvidziviriri kana kurapa HIV.

Iyi mishonga (senge penicillin) inoparadza kana kuderedza kukura kwebhakitiriya rinokuvadza mumuviri.

Mishonga inosimudzira utano (kusanganisira ritonavir necobicistat) inotorwa kuti mimwe mishonga inorwisa HIV ishande zvakanaka.

Mishonga inogona kugadzirwa nechero kambani. Kazhinji inotengeswa nemutengo wakaderera pane mishonga ine mazita emhando, asi inoshanda zvakafanana chaizvo.

Mucous membrane iganda dete rinoburitsa mucous kuti isaoma. Inovhara nhengo dzemukati memuviri dzinoonekwa kunze sekuti muromo, nhengo dzesikarudzi, anus. Aya ma membrane inzvimbo dzisina simba pazvirwere zvepabonde.

Mukadzi anokwezvwa pabonde nemamwe madzimai.

Zita rinoshandiswa kutsanangura murume mukuru anodanana nemukadzi mudiki.

Muromo wechibereko unonopinda muchibereko. Unogara pamusoro pesikarudzi, pamberi pechibereko.

Kana ukatendera chimwe chinhu unobvuma kuti zviitike. Munhu anofanira kugara achibvumira kuita bonde, nguva nenguva, pasina kumanikidzwa.

Nhungamiro inodonongodza mhando yerubatsiro runofanira kupihwa kumurwere mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

<p>Kana munhu aine utachiona hweHIV asi owanikwa aine utachiona hweHIV. Izvi zvinogona kuitika mukutanga kwehurwere apo hutachiona husingagone kuonekwa nekuongororwa.</p>

Munhu anokwezvwa pabonde nevanhu vakasiyana naye sokuti murume anokwezvwa nevarume.

Mushonga, unowanzo kupihwa nejekiseni, chinhu chinopihwa munhu kudzivirira kuti asabatwa nechirwere. Hapasati pave nemushonga wekudzivirira HIV unoshanda.

NNRTIs imhando yemushonga unorwisa HIV unotorwa kumisa Mukondombera kuti usapinde pakati pesero nekuidzora.

NRTIs imhando yemushonga unorwisa HIV unotorwa kumisa HIV kupinda pakati pesero nekuidzora.

Pachinzvimbo chekutumira ropa kurabhoritari, michina yekutarisisa inopa mhinduro nekukurumidza kunzvimbo yehutano. Inogona kushandiswa pakuongorora huwandu hwehutachiwana uye kuongororwa HIV.

Kuongororwa panotorwa tumvura kubva pamuromo wechibereko chemukadzi (musuwo wechibereko chake) kutarisa zviratidzo zveutachiona kana chirwere. Kuongorora cervical cancer kunowanzo shandiswa kuona kukura kwesero kusiri kujairika kwakabatana neutachiona hweHPV uye kukura kwegomarara remuchibereko.

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kurapwa kweHIV nechimbichimbi. Kana ikanwiwa mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri ekuvhenekerwa kuMukondombera (somuenzaniso mushure mekuita bonde musina kondomu) zvinogona kudzivirira kutapukira kweHIV.

Kupindira kupi zvako kunoitwa kudzivirira kutapurira utachiwana hweHIV kubva kumukadzi kuenda kumwana wake panguva yekuzvitakura, kusununguka kana kuyamwisa kunozivikanwa sekudzivirira kutapurira utachiona kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana kana PMTCT.

Tabhuleti rinotorwa zuva nezuva, dzimwe nguva rinozivikanwa sepiritsi. Rinodzivirira kuti mukadzi asabate pamuviri nekumumisa kubereka mazai.

Kana munhu asina HIV asi owanikwa aine HIV pakuongororwa. Wese anenge awanikwa aine mhedzisiro yekuongorora anofanirwa kuongororwa kechipiri kuratidza kuti ane chirwere ichi.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)Â ipiritsi rinoti kana ukanwiwa nguva dzose uye nemazvo rinokudzivirira kuti usabate HIV, kunyangwe usingashandisi kondomu.

Protease Inhibitors (PIs) imhando yemushonga unorwisa HIV unotorwa kumisa utachiona hweHIV kutapurira maseru matsva.

Mhando yemushonga wemukondombera unomisa HIV kupinda pakati pesero. Kune marudzi maviri, nucleoside nenon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI neNNRTI).

HIV seroconversion inoitika kana hutachiwana hweHIV hwabata mumuviri huchiwanda nekukurumidza, uye masoja edziviri ezvirwere mumuviri ave kudaira nekugadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.

Sisitimu yetsinga inosanganisa huropi netsinga dzese dzinotumira mashoko nemuviri wese.

Chishandiso chekurapa chinoiswa muchikamu chakamanikana chemuviri kuti chivhurwe kuti chiongororwe. Speculum inoiswa mukati mesikarudzi panguva yekuvhenekwa cervix kuti ibvumidze kupinda pamuromo wechibereko.

Hutachiona hweHIV hwakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva, saka marudzi akasiyana emukondombera avepo, anozivikanwa semasubtypes. Pangangoda ongororo dzakasiyana kuti ikwanise kuonekwa kana misanganiswa yakasiyana yeART pakurapa.

Chirwere chepabonde chinokonzeresa mapundu kunhengo dzakavandika, musana nemukanwa. Inogona kurapwa zviri nyore kana ikabatwa nekukurumidza asi inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kana ikasarapwa.

T-cells maseri eropa anorwisa utachiona. MaCD4 cell imhando yeT-cell inorwiswa neutachiona hweHIV.

Kana munhu aine chirwere cherurindi (TB) chisisadaire kumushonga unopfuura mumwe inonzi multi-drug resistant. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvingava zvakaoma kuwana mushonga unoshanda.

Chirwere chinogona kukonzera kuvaviwa panhengo yesikarudzi kana chibereko uye kubuda zvichena. Chirwere chemukanwa chinokanganisa muromo uye chinowanikwa muvanhu vane HIV. Chiri nyore kurapa asi chinogona kuitika zvakare.

Munhu anoratidza kuti zvakasiyana pakuva kwake munhukadzi kana munhurume pane zvaakanga ari pakuzvarwa sokuti munhu akazvarwa ari mukadzi asi achizviratidza semurume.

Zvipembenene zvidiki kwazvo zvinowanikwa kwese kwese zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere.

Kanhu kadiki-diki kanokwanisa kukonzera hurwere kana ikapinda mumuviri wemunhu.

Viral load yemunhu uwandu hweHIV muropa rake. Kuderera kwehutachiwana hunoratidza kurapwa kwavo kuri kushanda zvakanaka.

Kana mumwe munhu ari murudo aine utachiona hweHIV mumwe wacho asina utachiona hweHIV vaviri vacho vanonzi serodiscordant, serodifferent, kana mixed status.

Nguva inotora pakati pekutapukirwa neutachiona hweHIV nekuti HIV ionekwe pakuongororwa. Nguva yewindow period inogona kusvika mwedzi mitatu zvichienderana nemhando yeongororo.

World Health Organisation (WHO) isangano rinounganidza vanamazvikokota kubva pasi rose kuti vape gwara panyaya dzehutano.

Mugumisiro unobvira uri HIV positive. Panodiwa kuongororwa ropa kechipiri kuratidza kuti munhu ane HIV here.

Zvirongwa zvinobatanidza vanhu nerubatsiro rwavanoda.

Mishonga yekutandara zvinhu zviri pamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo zvinotorwa nevanhu nekuda kwezvikonzero kwete zvekurapa, uye pasina kutariswa nachiremba.

Anaesthtic mushonga unoshandiswa kumisa munhu kurwadziwa. Inowanzo kupihwa sejekiseni remvura kana segasi rinofemerwa mukati nemumask.

Chero shanduko mumuviri wako kana pfungwa inokonzerwa nehurwere.

Kuva nechirwere chimwe kana kupfuura, chirwere kana mamiriro panguva imwe chete.

Kuva nezvirwere zviviri panguva imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, mumwe munhu anogona kunge aine HIV neTB (TB).

Zvirwere zvisingatapuriranwe (Non-communicable Diseases) (NCDs) hazvitapurwe kubva kune mumwe munhu zvichienda kune mumwe, semuenzaniso chirwere chemoyo.

Vazhinji LGBTQ+ vanhu vanoshandisa queer senzira yekutsanangura chero zvepabonde vasingade zita chairo. 

Kana huwandu weHIV muropa remumwe munhu hwakadzikira zvekuti hahugone kuyerwa nekuongororwa ropa huwandu hwehutachiwana hwavo hunonzi undetectable. HIV haigone kutapurirwa nemunhu ane hutachiwana husingaonekwe.

Dzimwe nguva unozivikanwa se fusion inhibitors, rudzi urwu rwemushonga unoshandiswa kumisa utachiona hweHIV husina kubatana nemacells emumuviri.