Kune marudzi mashanu ehutachiona hunokonzera malaria muvanhu. Pamwechete, marudzi aya anoshevedzwa kuti Plasmodium parasites (kana kuti P. muchidimbu). Pamarudzi mashanu aya, pane marudzi maviri - P. falciparum ne P. vivax anowanzokanganisa vanhu zvakanyanya. Utachiona hwe P.falcirum ndihwo hunonyanya kuuraya uye hunowanikwa muAfrica. P. vivax ndiyo inonyanya kuuraya kune dzimwe nzvimbo pasi rese. 

Magwaro akanyorwa nesangano reWorld Health Organization anoratidza kushata kwakaita malaria inokonzerwa nehutachiona hweP.falciparum. 95% yevanhu vanorwara nekufa nechirwere chemalaria vanowanikwa muAfrica. 80% yevanhu vanofa nechirwerechemalaria muAfrica, vanenge vari vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu.

Anopheles imhando yeumhutu. Inodaidzwa zvekare kuti nail mosquito, marsh mosquito kana kuti African malaria mosquito. 

Umhutu hwechikadzi hweanopheles ndihwo wega hunotakura utachiona hwemalaria. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti utachiona hwemalaria hunogara mumiviri yemhuka (kusanganisira vanhu), uye umhutu hweanopheles hunofarira kunwa ropa revanhu kudarika redzimwe mhuka. Umhutu hwechikadzi hweanopheles ndihwo chete hunonwa ropa; umhutu hwechirume haunwe ropa. 

Umhutu hwe anopheles hune miviri yakareba, mitete nemakumbo asina kunyatsosimba. Umhutu uhwu hunooneka zviri nyore nekuti hunozorora hwakavhura muromo, muviri nemusoro wacho unenge wakati twasa wakarereka kubva pachinhu chaunenge wakazororera. 

Umhutu hwe anopheles hunonyanya kuonekwa husiku. Mushure mekudya, dzimwe mhando dzeumhutu hweanopheles dzinosarudza kuzorora mukati asi dzimwe dzinosarudza kuzorora dziri panze.  

Umhutu hwechikadzi hwe anopheles hunowanzokandira mazai mumvura.Umhutu hunonyanya kubereka munguva yekunaya apo mvura inonjenga mumakoronga, matoro, madziva, matangi emvura, midziyo yakagadzirwa nevanhu, migero nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinonjenga mvura. Umhutu hweanopheles hwechikuru hunogona kugara munzvimbo dzakaoma uye hunogona kuenda kunzvimbo dziri kure nemvura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti umhutu hunogona kunetsa mumwaka wekupisa kana munzvimbo dzisina mvura padhuze.

Pane mishonga yakasiyana inoshandiswa kurapa mhando dzakasiyana dzemalaria. Veutano vanosarudza mushonga zvichienderana nemhando yemalaria ine munhu, kuti mushonga wacho unokwanisa kurwisa hutachiona here, huremu hwemunhu, zera uye hutano hwemunhu uye kuti munhu akazvitakura here kana kuti kwete. 

Mubatanidzwa wemishonga yeArtemisinin-based combination therapy ndihwo unonyatsoshanda pakurapa P. falciparum malaria. Chloroquine ndiyo inokurudzirwa kupihwa vanhu vane P. vivax malaria, asi inonongopihwa chete munzvimbo dzekuti utachiona haurwise mushonga uyu. 

Preventative chemotherapy ndeapo panopihwa boka revanhu riri panjodzi yekurwara zvakanyanya kana kufa nemalaria mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere ichi. 

Sangano reWorld Health Organization rinokurudzira kuti vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzinonetsa chirwere chemalaria vaite zvinotevera: 

• Kudzivira malaria kune vakazvitakura: Madzimai nevamwe vanhu vane pamuviri vanopihwa mishonga yekudzivirira malaria pavanenge vakazvitakura kuti vazvichengetedze nekuchengetedza mwana ari mudumbu. 

• Perennial malaria chemoprevention: Vacheche nevana vari pazasi pemakore maviri vanopihwa mushonga wekudzivirira malaria. 

• Seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu vanopihwa mushonga wekudzivirira malaria mumwaka inonyanya kunetsa chirwere chemalaria. 

• Post-discharge malaria chemoprevention: Vana vanopihwa mushonga wekudzivirira malaria mushure mekunge vapinda muchipatara nekuda kweanaemia (chirwere ichi chinoratidza kuti munhu ari kurwara zvakanyanya nemalaria). 

• Intermittent preventive treatment for school-aged children: Mushonga uyu unopihwa vana vechikoro munzvimbo dzinonetsa malaria kwegore rese kana kweimwe mwaka yegore. 

• Mass drug administration: Mishonga yekudzivirira malaria inopihwa munhu wese ari munzvimbo, zvisinei nemakore avo, mushure mekunge paonekwa kuti vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekubatira chirwere chemalaria. 

Vanhu vanenge vari pachirongwa chepreventative chemotherapy vanopihwa mushonga umwechete kana mishonga yakawanda, uye vanokumbirwa kutora mushonga uyu kwenguva yakatarwa. Vanhu vanofanira kunwa mapiritsi ese kuti vachengetedzwe. Vanofanira kunwa mishonga yavo kunyangwe vasina kurumwa kana kuti vasiri kuratidza kurwara. 

Mushonga wekudzivirira malaria hauite kuti vanhu vasarware zvachose. Asi kana vanhu vakanwa mapiritsi, uye vakazvichengetedza kuti vasarumwa neumhutu kuburikidza nekushandisa manet nemishonga, vanoderedza mukana wavo wekurwara nemalaria

Kana vasiri kurwara zvakanyanya, vakumbire kuti vaende kuchipatara chiri pedyo navo kuti vanoongororwa. Sangano reWorld Health Organization rinokurudzira kuti munhu wese ari kufungidzirwa kuti ane malaria aongororwe asati apihwa mishonga. Izvi zvinobatsira vehutano kuti vaone kuti munhu ari kupisa muviri ane malaria here kana kuti kwete uye mushonga wakakodzera wekuvapa. Kana munhu arikurwara zvakanyanya, mubatsire kuenda kuchipatara chiri pedyo nekukasika.

Pamusoro pekupa vanhu mushonga wekudzivirira malaria, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoita 'vector control' kudzivirira kutapukirana kwezvirwere. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nekupa vanhu mamosquito nets akaiswa mishonga ekushandisa, uye kupfapfaidza mishonga inouraya umhutu mudzimba. 

Nyika dzine vanhu vakawanda vari kurwara nekufa zvakanyanya nechirwere chemalaria dziri kushanda kuedza kupedza chirwere ichi kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa wevector control, mishonga yekudzivirira chirwere ichi, kuzivisa vanhu nezvechirwere ichi, uye kuongorora nekurapa vanhu. Kuti nyika isvike pakunzi haisisina chirwere chemalaria, inofanira kupedza makore matatu isina kumbobvira yaita munhu mumwe chete anorwara nechirwere ichi. Nyika dzemuAfrica dzakakwanisa kupedza chirwere ichi mumakore apfuura dzinosanganisira Algeria (2019) neCabo Verde (2024).